Summary about Disease
Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is an infection of the tissues that hold your teeth in place. It's usually caused by poor oral hygiene, which allows plaque (a sticky film of bacteria) to build up on the teeth and harden into tartar (calculus). Gingivitis, the mildest form, causes red, swollen, and easily bleeding gums. If left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form that damages the soft tissue and bone that support the teeth. This can lead to tooth loss.
Symptoms
Red, swollen, or tender gums
Gums that bleed easily when brushing or flossing
Receding gums (gums pulling away from the teeth)
Persistent bad breath (halitosis)
Loose teeth
Changes in your bite
Pus between your teeth and gums
Pain when chewing
Causes
Plaque: The primary cause. Bacteria in plaque produce toxins that irritate the gums.
Tartar (Calculus): Hardened plaque that is more difficult to remove.
Poor Oral Hygiene: Inadequate brushing and flossing.
Smoking/Tobacco Use: Weakens the immune system and makes it harder to fight off gum infection.
Hormonal Changes: Pregnancy, menopause, and menstruation can make gums more sensitive.
Diabetes: People with diabetes are more susceptible to infections, including gum disease.
Genetics: Some people are genetically predisposed to gum disease.
Certain Medications: Some medications can reduce saliva flow, which increases the risk of gum disease.
Poor Nutrition: A diet lacking in essential nutrients can weaken the immune system.
Medicine Used
Antimicrobial Mouthwash: Containing chlorhexidine to kill bacteria.
Antibiotic Medications: Oral or topical antibiotics may be prescribed to control bacterial infection, particularly in severe cases. Examples include doxycycline, minocycline, or metronidazole.
Antibiotic Microspheres/Gels: Applied directly into periodontal pockets to deliver a sustained release of antibiotics.
Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain.
Is Communicable
Gum disease itself is generally considered not directly communicable in the traditional sense of catching it like a cold. However, the bacteria responsible for gum disease can be transferred through saliva. This means activities like sharing utensils, kissing, or sharing toothbrushes could potentially transfer the bacteria. However, it does not guarantee the other person will develop gum disease. The receiving person's susceptibility and oral hygiene habits also play a huge role.
Precautions
Brush your teeth at least twice a day: Use fluoride toothpaste and proper technique.
Floss daily: To remove plaque and food particles from between your teeth.
Use an antimicrobial mouthwash: As recommended by your dentist.
See your dentist regularly for checkups and cleanings: Usually every six months, or more often if you have gum disease.
Quit smoking/tobacco use:
Manage diabetes: Keep blood sugar levels under control.
Eat a healthy diet: Rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Avoid sugary drinks and snacks:
How long does an outbreak last?
Gingivitis: Can resolve within a few weeks with improved oral hygiene and professional cleaning.
Periodontitis: Is a chronic condition and doesn't have a single "outbreak" length. Treatment focuses on managing the disease and preventing further progression. Without treatment, it will persist indefinitely and worsen over time. Flares or periods of increased inflammation can occur intermittently.
How is it diagnosed?
Visual Examination: Dentist examines gums for redness, swelling, and bleeding.
Probing: A small instrument is used to measure the depth of the space (pocket) between the teeth and gums. Deeper pockets indicate gum disease.
X-rays: To assess bone loss around the teeth.
Dental History: Gathering information about oral hygiene habits, medical conditions, and medications.
Timeline of Symptoms
Early Gingivitis (Days to Weeks): Mild redness and swelling of the gums, bleeding when brushing. Often painless.
Established Gingivitis (Weeks to Months): Increased redness, swelling, and bleeding. Bad breath may develop.
Early Periodontitis (Months to Years): Gum recession, pocket formation, mild bone loss. Teeth may become slightly loose.
Moderate Periodontitis (Years): Increased gum recession, deeper pockets, moderate bone loss. Teeth become more loose. Bad breath persists.
Advanced Periodontitis (Years): Significant gum recession, deep pockets, severe bone loss. Teeth are very loose and may shift. Pain may be present. Tooth loss is likely.
Important Considerations
Gum disease is often painless in its early stages, so regular dental checkups are crucial for early detection.
Untreated gum disease can lead to tooth loss and has been linked to other health problems, such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes complications, and respiratory infections.
Treatment for gum disease can be expensive and time-consuming. Prevention is always the best approach.
Following your dentist's instructions for oral hygiene and professional care is essential for managing gum disease effectively.